1805-1876

Vapor-compression refrigeration

• Oliver Evans described the essential components
• of a closed vapor-compression refrigeration cycle in 1805.
• *
• how a piston vacuum pump can reduce the boiling point
• of water or ether so that its cooling freezes ice
• how the pump’s compression stroke and a condenser
• can release heat before starting the cycle over.
• *
• Evans’ friend Jacob Perkins subsequently built the first
• working vapor-compression refrigeration system in 1834.
• *
• John Gorrie and Alexander Twining built prototypes,
• but their devices weren’t commercially successful.
• *
• James Harrison built the first successful ice-making machine
• using vapor compression in Australia in 1854.
• *
• Ferdinand Carré and his brother Edmond invented
• the ammonia-water absorption refrigerator in 1858.
• Their ice-making machine was based on Harrison’s design
• with a cooling coil, compressor, and condenser.
• *
• And in 1876, Carl von Linde added an expansion valve,
• also known as the Joule-Thomson orifice,
• after the condenser, further cooling the gas
• before it enters the cooling coils.

Fridge

• ice machine
• icebox
• ice chest
• chiller
• cooler
• air conditioner
• heat pump
• freezer
• deep freezer
• refrigerator
• frigidaire
• fridge

Some cycles

• Sunlight, ATP.
• Citric acid, ATP.
• Liquify, vaporize.
• Condense, expand.
• Inhale, exhale.
• Carbon cycle
• Oxygen cycle
• Hydrogen cycle
• Water cycle
• Iron cycle
• Citric acid cycle
• Lytic cycle
• Lysogenic cycle
• Cell cycle
• Urea cycle
• Lunar cycle
• Solar cycle
• Climate cycle
• Cycle of the seasons
• Hampson-Linde cycle