Gram staining Gram-related Tests Commentary

Hans Christian Gram bacteriology

Gram staining

Gram staining makes bacteria visible and can help to quickly identify the bacterial species. Gram-positive bacteria have thick outer cell walls of peptidoglycan that can be stained with a crystal violet dye. Gram-negative bacteria resist the violet dye but can be counterstained red or pink with safranin or fuchsine.

Gram-related

Bacteria are categorized by gram staining, shape, envelope organization, and RNA phylogenetic studies. Gram staining positive or negative does not necessarily mean the bacterial species are genetically related. Insert gobbledeegook here.

Tests

The test of effort— a stained sleeve. The test of fidelity— lipstick on the collar. The test of housekeeping— ring in the tub. The test of experience— worry lines. Picking berries— stained hands. Gardening— dirt under the nails. Cleaning fish— scales stuck to sleeves. History of science— others who understand.