1778,1845 - Diamagnetism - The book of science

Diamagnetism
Levitation
No energy expended
Commentary

Sebald Justinus Brugmans, Michael Faraday electromagnetism

Diamagnetism

In 1778,
Sebald Justinus
Brugmans, as
a graduate
student, found
that bismuth
and antimony
were repelled
by a magnetic field.
*
In 1845, Michael
Faraday showed
that diamagnetism
was a property
of matter, and
all materials
are either
diamagnetic or
paramagnetic.

Levitation

A superconductor
levitates above
a magnet.
Push and it
pushes back.
Ha, ha.
Look, Ma,
action at
a distance.

No energy expended

A pyrolytic carbon wafer floats
above a permanent ferromagnet
with no expenditure of energy,
which makes me wonder. Have I,
all these years, have I been lazy, blind,
and passed over the unexpected?
.

What shall we call it? Michael Faraday got the term diamagnetism from William Whewell.

A ferromagnetic material can be permanently magnetized; it can have its own persistent magnetic field. Diamagnetic and paramagnetic materials get only temporary magnetic fields induced by other magnetic fields. The induced magnetic field in a diamagnetic material is in the opposite direction, so an exterior magnetic field repels it. The induced magnetic field in a paramagnetic material is in the same direction, so an exterior magnetic field attracts it.